"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." 1776 -- Declaration of Independence 13th Amendment in 1865 -- abolished slavery, but did not give blacks equality. Civil Rights Act of 1866 -- "all persons shall have the same rights...to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws..." 14th Amendment of 1868 -- "All persons born or naturalized in the US...are citizens...nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person...the equal protection of the laws." Equal Pay Act of 1963 -- prohibits sex-based pay differentials on jobs. Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, or religion. Title VI prohibits public access discrimination, leading to school desegregation. Title VIII is the original "federal fair housing law," later amended in 1988. 1967 ADEA prohibits age discrimination for 40-65 year olds, amended in 1986 to remove the 65 year old age cap. §504 of the Rehab Act of 1973 -- bars federal contractors or subcontractors from employment discrimination on the basis of disability. 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act -- Title I prohibits disability discrimination by employers. Titles II and III require disability access in all places of public accommodation and business for first occupancy after January 26, 1993 or for occupancy for new alterations, and all state and local government facilities, after January 26, 1992. Civil Rights Act of 1991 -- adds provisions to Title VII protections, including right to jury trial. |
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History of U.S. Civil Rights
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